Date: Fri, 7 Oct 94 16:09:07 PDT From: Info-Hams Mailing List and Newsgroup Errors-To: Info-Hams-Errors@UCSD.Edu Reply-To: Info-Hams@UCSD.Edu Precedence: List Subject: Info-Hams Digest V94 #1103 To: Info-Hams Info-Hams Digest Fri, 7 Oct 94 Volume 94 : Issue 1103 Today's Topics: ARLP041 Propagation de KT7H CW Learning: Going slow. :( how do you study for code? IPS Daily Report - 06 October 94 Morse program for Amiga NA4G presents: Batteries, Chargers, Charging Need INFO on HAL CRI-200 RTTY Interface Radio Schack HTX-202 Radio Shack Violation Re(2): 2-meter multimode FOR SALE Re(2): ICOM IC-W21A scouts talk WTB: Radar gun... Send Replies or notes for publication to: Send subscription requests to: Problems you can't solve otherwise to brian@ucsd.edu. Archives of past issues of the Info-Hams Digest are available (by FTP only) from UCSD.Edu in directory "mailarchives/info-hams". We trust that readers are intelligent enough to realize that all text herein consists of personal comments and does not represent the official policies or positions of any party. Your mileage may vary. So there. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Fri, 07 Oct 1994 09:49:48 EDT From: w1aw@arrl.org Subject: ARLP041 Propagation de KT7H SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP041 ARLP041 Propagation de KT7H ZCZC AP55 QST de W1AW Propagation Forecast Bulletin 41 ARLP041 From Tad Cook, KT7H Seattle, WA October 7, 1994 To all radio amateurs SB PROP ARL ARLP041 ARLP041 Propagation de KT7H A recurring coronal hole on the Sun's surface is causing some real havoc with the Earth's geomagnetic field. This has caused high absorption and poor conditions on HF bands. The worst day was October 3, when the A index was a very high 65 and the K index was 7 over a six hour period. This area should rotate into view again at the end of the month, and more trouble is expected. In the short term expect the solar flux to hover in the low seventies, with only unsettled conditions. MUF values will be low, but that is expected as the current solar cycle continues its decline. Sunspot Numbers for September 29 through October 5 were 24, 22, 23, 22, 22, 34 and 69, with a mean of 30.9. 10.7 cm flux was 74.7, 74.5, 74.6, 74.5, 74.2, 74.7 and 79.4, with a mean of 75.2. The path projection this week is from Hawaii to Micronesia. 80 meters should be open from 0700z to 1700z, peaking from 0900z to 1600z. Check 40 meters from 0530z to 1800z, and 30 meters from 0430z to 1445z and again from 1900z to 2000z. 20 meters looks good from 1900z to 1200z most days, and on some until 1400z. 17 meters should be open from 1930z to 0730z, and 15 meters from 2000z to 0630z. 12 and 10 meters actually look open over this path, with 12 meters open from 2030z to 0600z and 10 meters from 2130z to 0530z. NNNN /EX ------------------------------ Date: 7 Oct 94 16:38:47 GMT From: phillips@eso.mc.xerox.COM (Mark Phillips x75493 - ESO) Subject: CW Learning: Going slow. :( I have the same problem... sending is ok, but receiving is very slow. I understand this is a common problem.... receiving is always slower than sending. Maybe the brain can think ahead for sending, and can't for receiving? My problem is that I learned the code by looking at it written as "." and "-" on paper. Now when I send and receive, I "see" the dot-dash pattern in my mind. That works for 5 wpm sending, but not for receiving. It takes too long to count the dots-dashes, recognize the end of a letter, form the picture of dots-dashes in my mind, and then translate it to a character. That's the wrong way to hear cw. What I need to do is hear "dah-dah" directly as "emm" (M) phonetically and not do any translation. Simply hear the sound, and the rhythm of the spacing to hear the letter. You probably already do that when you hear "dah-di-dah-dit dah-dah-di-dah" Oh, you say, that's "CQ". You didn't do any translation, you just heard it as "CQ". That's the "hurdle" IMHO. =Mark= n2rpz@amsat.org binary communically challenged. ------------------------------ Date: 7 Oct 1994 09:48:00 -0400 From: w4qo@peach.america.net (James C. Stafford) Subject: how do you study for code? Well, Mike, here are my thoughts after teaching ham classes for about 20 years: 1. You obviously have to learn the characters first. I like Gordon West's tape for this. 2. Then you need to build speed. I would suggest a computer program such as SuperMorse. You can find it on ftp oak.oakland.edu (I think) under /pub/msdos/... where ... is something like amateur or radio or something. 3. Always use character speeds of 16 - 18 wpm to build your speed. Gordon's tapes use this approach, called the Farnsworth method. 4. Also, get yourself a code practice set. MFJ makes one all put together for $25 or you can build the one out of Now Your Talking... 5. Spend about 45 minutes per day (minimum) and don't skip weekends on the code. Use about 15 minutes of the time to send with your practice key, with 30 minutes on Supermorse. In about 3 weeks you will at least be at 5 wpm and probably higher. Get your Novice ticket or code endorsement on your Technician ticket as soon as your get to 5 wpm. I hear many Tech Lites say, "I am just gonna skip 5 wpm and go right to General." I think this is a big mistake. The object is to get on the air ASAP. Your code speed will increase dramatically when you do. Also enter a contest as soon as you can get on the air. The Novice Roundup in late January would be a great one to get started in contesting. Why? Because most of us are competitive and IMHO there is nothing to compare to a well tuned CW operation in a contest. It is a ball! Good luck. Email me back for further disucssion. 73/72, Jim, W4QO ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 6 Oct 1994 23:19:00 GMT From: rwc@flare.syd.ips.oz.au (Regional Warning Centre) Subject: IPS Daily Report - 06 October 94 SUBJ: IPS DAILY SOLAR AND GEOPHYSICAL REPORT ISSUED AT 06/2330Z OCTOBER 1994 BY IPS RADIO AND SPACE SERVICES FROM THE REGIONAL WARNING CENTRE (RWC), SYDNEY. SUMMARY FOR 06 OCTOBER AND FORECAST FOR 07 OCTOBER - 09 OCTOBER ----------------------------------------------------------- 1A. SOLAR SUMMARY Activity: low Flares: none. Observed 10.7 cm flux/Equivalent Sunspot Number : 84/26 GOES satellite data for 05 Oct Daily Proton Fluence >1 MeV: 5.0E+06 Daily Proton Fluence >10 MeV: 1.4E+04 Daily Electron Fluence >2 MeV: 5.5E+08 (high) X-ray background: A3.6 Fluence (flux accumulation over 24hrs)/ cm2-ster-day. 1B. SOLAR FORECAST 07 Oct 08 Oct 09 Oct Activity Low Low Low Fadeouts None expected None expected None expected Forecast 10.7 cm flux/Equivalent Sunspot Number for 07 Oct: 85/27 ----------------------------------------------------------- 2A. MAGNETIC SUMMARY Geomagnetic field at Learmonth: minor storm periods during local night Estimated Indices : A K Observed A Index 05 Oct Learmonth 22 3335 5332 Fredericksburg 23 25 Planetary 30 33 Observed Kp for 05 Oct: 4445 5443 2B. MAGNETIC FORECAST DATE Ap CONDITIONS 07 Oct 16 Unsettled to active 08 Oct 16 Unsettled 09 Oct 12 Unsettled COMMENT: Magnetic activity did not decline as expected and is now expected to decline today, with possible active periods during local night. ----------------------------------------------------------- 3A. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION SUMMARY LATITUDE BAND DATE LOW MIDDLE HIGH 06 Oct fair-normal fair-normal poor-normal PCA Event : None. 3B. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION FORECAST LATITUDE BAND DATE LOW MIDDLE HIGH 07 Oct normal fair poor 08 Oct normal fair poor 09 Oct normal normal fair ----------------------------------------------------------- 4A. AUSTRALIAN REGION IONOSPHERIC SUMMARY Observed DATE T-index MUFs at Sydney 06 Oct -29 about 25% below predicted monthly values Predicted Monthly T-index for October: 20 4B. AUSTRALIAN REGION IONOSPHERIC FORECAST DATE T-index MUFs 07 Oct 0 About 20% below predicted monthly values 08 Oct 15 About 10% below predicted monthly values 09 Oct 15 About 10% below predicted monthly values COMMENT: Ionospheric conditions are still remaining depressed, at both Sydney and Townsville. The expected recovery did not occur. The ionosphere has now been depressed for 3 days at Sydney. Ionosphere is now expected to recover half way through the UT day today. -- IPS Regional Warning Centre, Sydney |IPS Radio and Space Services RWC Duty Forecaster tel: +61 2 4148329 |PO Box 5606 Recorded Message tel: +61 2 4148330 |West Chatswood NSW 2057 email: rwc@ips.oz.au fax: +61 2 4148331 |AUSTRALIA ------------------------------ Date: 7 Oct 1994 08:33:25 -0600 From: rdavis@nyx10.cs.du.edu (Robert Davis) Subject: Morse program for Amiga mafu@hmso.demon.co.uk (Mafu Benton) writes: >Hello, >Does anybody know where on Internet I can find a morse >practice program for the Amiga A500? I've had a look >about but I couldn't find one. >Thanks, >| Mafu Benton, PC Software, | Work: mafu@hmso.demon.co.uk | >| HMSO, Norwich, NR3 1DN. | Standard disclaimers apply. | On AmiNet in misc/sci try morse1.2.lzh or MTRAINER.lha or R-MORSE1_1.lha -- rdavis@nyx10.cs.du.edu Robert Davis Salina, KS Amateur Radio K0FPC ------------------------------ Date: 7 Oct 1994 17:31:50 GMT From: ab4el@cybernetics.net (Stephen Modena) Subject: NA4G presents: Batteries, Chargers, Charging [ Instructions for retrieving 'batterie.ps' are at the bottom of this message. ] ************************************************************************** The following article (batterie.ps) is a short article about batteries and battery charging. It covers many types of batteries that amateurs might find useful around the hamshack. It does not cover small HT style batteries, although the principles would be similar. Most of the batteries that I use are from the local scrapyard, and were junked from industrial lighting systems, etc. I can usually get a couple of years of service out of almost any of them, with a little care, and some thought about bringing them back up to snuff. ************************************************************************** REVISION of 6 OCTOBER, 1994. THE JUNIOR OPERATOR'S GUIDE BATTERIES, BATTERY CHARGERS, AND BATTERY CHARGING. A Practical Compendium of All That Junk You Might Want to Know. By Robert D. Keys, NA4G Addenda to a presentation by Alan Pitegoff (AB4OZ) and Robert D. ``Boat Anchor Bob'' Keys (NA4G) to the Homebrew Special Interest Group of the Raleigh Amateur Radio Society (RARS) 26 August, 1992 and 26 May, 1993. The following document contains excerpts taken from numerous sources. Where possible, full citation of said sources in given. Where not possible, as full a citation as possible, based upon the author's existing information is given. This document is placed in the public domain and is freely copyable and distributable. Robert D. Keys, NA4G Raleigh, NC, 25 September, 1994. ************************************************************************** Enjoy 73 DE NA4G Boatanchor Bob ************************************************************************** * 73 TU SU SK DE NA4G ``Boat Anchor Bob'', an ol' CW fart. * ************************************************************************** * Morse has been in the family for over 100 years. * * Morse radiotelegraphy (Spark/CW) has been in the family since 1914. * ************************************************************************** * May you have fair winds and following seas on your watch at the key. * ************************************************************************** [ The files referred to in this 'readme' can be retrieved by anonymous ftp from two archive sites: SunSITE.unc.edu (permanent) /pub/academic/agriculture/agronomy/ham/things-to-build/na4g ftp.Cybernetics.NET (temporary -- easier to get in) /pub/users/ab4el For ease, the group of files have been 'rolled into one'... batterie.tar.Z (for Unix jocks) batterie.zip (using PKZIP 2.04g for MS-DOS users) Don't forget to set 'binary' mode before 'get'...else they will come to you as trash. :^) de AB4EL ] ---------------Cut Here------------------ ------------------------------ Date: 7 Oct 1994 14:45:34 GMT From: rdkeys@csemail.cropsci.ncsu.edu (R. D. Keys) Subject: Need INFO on HAL CRI-200 RTTY Interface Hello Friend Hams..... I have just purchased a HAL CRI-200 Computer RTTY Interface and am looking to find some information on same. 1. Does anyone have a manual that I could get a xerox of? 2. What is the power voltage and polarity required at the dc power adapter socket on the back panel (+12vdc? GND=SHELL?). 3. What is the pinout and interface specifications on the 5 pin computer I/O port connector? I am assuming RS-232, but it could be something funky like 5V tty RS-232, or it might even be current loop (20 ma). 4. What are the cw keying polarities on the two keying jacks? Any Help is appreciated Most Sincerely, Robert D. Keys, ``Boatanchor Bob'', NA4G rdkeys@csemail.cropsci.ncsu.edu p.s. What in the world am I doing playing around with non-vacuum-tube technology..... (:+}}..... ************************************************************************** * 73 TU SU VA DE NA4G ``Boat Anchor Bob'', an ol' CW fart. * ************************************************************************** * Morse has been in the family for over 100 years. * * Morse radiotelegraphy (Spark/CW) has been in the family since 1914. * ************************************************************************** * May you have fair winds and following seas on your watch at the key. * ************************************************************************** ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 7 Oct 1994 16:58:43 GMT From: Gerry_Jurrens@monet.prs.k12.nj.us (Gerry Jurrens) Subject: Radio Schack HTX-202 From: alan.schulz@drs.state.ct.us (Alan Schulz: Does anyone know if the HTX-202 can be modified to get more memory channels or any other modifications ? -------------- All questions about the HTX-202 should be in a FAQ! There are NO modifications to the HTX-202 or its 440 MHz version. It was designed that way. 73, Gerry Jurrens N2GJ ------------------------------ Date: 6 Oct 1994 23:48:17 GMT From: bigdave@ix.netcom.com (David Mende) Subject: Radio Shack Violation In <36s9el$kk2@news.csus.edu> danb@acme.csusb.edu (Dan Brown) writes: > >dearnshaw@worldbank.org wrote: > >: I'd be curious to know what the rules (Laws) are: Do you need a licence to >: purchase, or simply to operate? > > Only to operate. Why should you need a license to purchase? The >most-recommended method of learning CW that I've seen is "buy a rig and >listen"; how can you buy a rig to learn CW to get your license if you need >a license to buy the rig? Just don't transmit... > I'm glad someone brought this subject up. There are ham stores out there that believe that they have the right to refuse to sell transceivers to non-hams. I've always held the belief that the best way for someone to real get into the hobby (and earn their ticket) is to let them get their gear and then get the itch. ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 7 Oct 1994 16:46:35 GMT From: Gerry_Jurrens@monet.prs.k12.nj.us (Gerry Jurrens) Subject: Re(2): 2-meter multimode FOR SALE Which was worse: the mistaken post or the two-hundred apology messages? ;-) 73, Gerry Jurrens, N2GJ ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 7 Oct 1994 16:50:05 GMT From: Gerry_Jurrens@monet.prs.k12.nj.us (Gerry Jurrens) Subject: Re(2): ICOM IC-W21A RL> Organization: Elec Eng, Univ of Western Australia RL> Does anyone know whether ICOM IC-W21A (IC-W21AT without the key pad) RL> are being discontinued? USA versions of IC-W21A are now sold RL> in Australia with a discounted price tag. Most units have early RL> serial numbers. A friend of mine, WB2YGF, just bought one without the TT pad, added the TT speaker mike and says he saved $100 from the price of the 21AT - sounds like good economics to me...he says the mike at $60 can be used with a couple of his HTs, thereby giving him an even better deal! He says the radio is GREAT! 73, Gerry Jurrens N2GJ ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 07 Oct 94 18:31:30 From: Ivo=Vankelecom%LOC%AGR@agr.kuleuven.ac.be Subject: scouts talk On Saturday October 15th the scouts of Ternat (Belgium) would like to chat with scouts all over the world. We will be QRV for 24 hours from Saturday morning 0.00 a.m. GMT untill 12.00 p.m. GMT. We would like to make a schedule of everyone willing to chat with us so that interested people can come on a specific moment to talk to scouts from a certain country. This is what we propose: Australia 9.30 a.m. GMT 28,950 MHz Japan 9.45 21.350 S.-E.-Asia 14.30 21.350 Africa 14.45 28.950 Europe 15.00 7.075 N. and S. America 18.30 21.350 Any other appointment on whatever frequency and moment can be made using this newsgroup. QSL-cards will be drawn on the same moments by our own scouts and sent afterwards. You can also reach us to make an appointment via the packet-radio address, which is: ON4ADF@ON1BWP#btn.bel.eu We would like to be talking during the full 24 hours. Hope to chat with you then! Ivo ------------------------------ Date: 7 Oct 1994 15:30:49 GMT From: hutchine@river.it.gvsu.edu (E.Hutchinson-N8XHP) Subject: WTB: Radar gun... I am looking to purchase a CHEAP, USED radar gun...X or K band is not important. Wanted to take surveys in the area for school project. Any suggestions for a inexpensive gun would be appreciated. So did up all those boxes and look for a radar gun in your junk boxes...Please reply to personal E-mail...Thanks in advance... -=> Eric <=- -- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= = Eric M. Hutchinson - N8XHP Grand Valley State University = = * HAZMAT * Allendale, Michigan * BLS/CPR * = =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=hutchine@river.it.gvsu.edu-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= ------------------------------ Date: 7 Oct 94 11:58:32 EDT From: landisj@drager.com (Joe Landis - Systems & Network Mgr) References<36ktsh$t3n@newsbf01.news.aol.com> <36tg7r$fk2@freenet3.scri.fsu.edu>, <36udgj$jqr@hp-col.col.hp.com> Subject: Re: Courtesy In Amateur Radio In article <36udgj$jqr@hp-col.col.hp.com>, gregt@col.hp.com (Greg Tarcza) writes: > Charles Richards (chuck62@freenet3.scri.fsu.edu) wrote: > : I want to ask you guys for your opinion concerning repeator courtesy. I > : just got my tech ticket 2 weeks ago. When I'm monitoring, I'll say > : "KE4QPU monitoring" about every 15-30 min. > : What you say?... > : Chuck...KE4QPU > > I suppose its a matter of tradition that people don't say what > they really mean, but have you tried calling "CQ" if you really mean to > put out a general call to all amateurs? > > As a general rule, I won't answer people who say they are monitoring > unless I have a need to talk to them. I WILL answer a CQ on the repeater > since it means somebody wants to talk to me (or anyone else). > > The downside of calling CQ (and the call should be short, like "CQ > from WA2OOD") is that the first time I heard it, it was followed by > chatter from others infering that the CQ'er was a lid until someone else > commented that calling CQ actually made sense and for others to back off. > > I only say that I am monitoring if I am expecting a call or waiting > for a particular person to show up on the frequency > > Any other opinions on this? > Greg WA2OOD > I usually say "AA3GN listening", if I just will take a call from whoever is listening, but am not actively seeking a call. On the other hand, if I am looking to talk, I say something like "This is AA3GN, anyone around?" I usually don't say "monitoring", unless I hear someone kerchunking, and I want to let them know that someone else is indeed around. CQing isn't done on repeaters, at least in this area, although it is on simplex. There are lots "regional" conventions, I'm sure. Joe -- Joe Landis - Systems and Network Manager - North American Drager - Telford, PA landisj@drager.com - Ax25: AA3GN@WA3TSW.#EPA.PA.USA.NOAM - ampr: [44.80.8.153] Counting the days til deer season! Politically correct sig not available. ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 7 Oct 1994 17:25:04 +0000 From: ip@g8sjp.demon.co.uk (Iain Philipps) References <781257361snz@g4kfk.demon.co.uk>, Reply-To: ip@g8sjp.demon.co.uk Subject: Re: Liscense.... In article jeffrey@kahuna.tmc.edu "Jeffrey Herman" writes: > See, Mike? This is why we fought a revolution against you British! ;) Dear Dr Ruth, Now I'm confused. I have one that says LICENCE, and another that says LICENSE. Is there any cure for this? More to the point, does any of it matter? -- Iain Philipps ------------------------------ Date: 7 Oct 1994 16:59:36 GMT From: scott@lvld.hp.com (Scott Turner) References<36v65t$aoq@tadpole.fc.hp.com> <36vagl$dqv@hplvec.lvld.hp.com>, <371hd6$ojr@tadpole.fc.hp.com> Subject: Re: Courtesy in Amateur Radio ron miller (ron@fc.hp.com) wrote: : : : "monitoring" sounds so uncommitted. Everytime I hear it I silently : : : respond with ' so what? Do you want a medal or something?' : I've been thinking this thought since about 1977 by the way. Some : things won't change (neither the awkward language nor my distaste for it.) Understood. As I said, I find much of it distasteful too. I just hate to see newcomers who are using that language put off because if it. My only real point was to suggest that rather than shrugging them off, talk to them and gently correct, mostly by example. : : repeaters dummy". 'Course you still brand yourself as "different". : That works. And I most certainly AM different. :-) Yup, of course I knew that about you Ron! :-) Recognize, however, that having been licensed as long as you have it's a bit easier for you to be different than it is for the newcomer. No big deal, just my : : contribution towards the reduction of jargon. And a whole lot better : : and effective than making a big deal out of the whole thing or making : : someone feel bad. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ : You accuse me of doing something I have not done. My thoughts are my : own and I refuse to be corrected on them. My actions I am accountable : for. I should not have shared my thoughts on the topic. Apparently you find : them offensive. Sorry. Ah nuts. My apologies Ron. I unintentionally implied that *you* were making a big deal out of things and making people feel bad. I wasn't trying to do that. I really only meant to suggest a way of helping to reduce jargon and poor practices on repeaters. That being to talk to folks and try to use good jargon-free technique, rather than either not talking to jargon users, *or* overly correcting them. I didn't mean to put you in the overly correcting camp. And I *certainly* don't want to play thought policeman with anybody. Your thoughts are indeed your own. They certainly don't offend me (I'm just not that sensitive!) but you did offer them for comment so I did so. I'd hate to think you wouldn't feel free to continue to share your thoughts. Again, my apologies for appearing to accuse you of something you're not doing. : Welcome to ham radio Scott. : Ron Miller : NW0U (formerly WB4UWH starting in 1971) Thanks Ron. Scott - KG0MR (formerly N0VRF, but only doing this since early '93 :-) Scott Turner KG0MR scott@hpisla.LVLD.HP.COM ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 7 Oct 1994 16:26:20 GMT From: ehare@arrl.org (Ed Hare (KA1CV)) References<36udgj$jqr@hp-col.col.hp.com> , <3716uu$rbc@hp-col.col.hp.com> Subject: Re: Courtesy In Amateur Radio Greg Tarcza (gregt@col.hp.com) wrote: : David R Tucker (drt@world.std.com) wrote: : : It's a system that makes sense. Too much sense, I suppose. Ideally, : : things would go like this: : Dave Tucker's "Call Urgency Definition List" ... I like it! I LIKE IT! : 1. "Callsign" - def. ... : 2. "Callsign testing" - def. ... : 3. "Callsign listening" - def. ... : 4. "CQ from Callsign" - def. ... : 5. "HELLLLLLP! Callsign" - def. ... (I just had to throw that in!) : That's pretty much how I view it. : Now, how do we adopt it as a standard??? (Anyone from ARRL reading?) Well, at least this fellow from ARRL is reading it, but I am really not the best answer. :-) I will speak from a strictly personal point of view; I don't think the ARRL should impose its collective will on local custom. I think we would do little more than engender bad feelings if we were to impose national protocols on the specific protocols and usage that have evolved in different areas. When I travel, I often like to buy long, round sandwiches. Here in New England, I call them grinders. If I go elsewhere, I may have to call then Hoagies, Subs, etc. I can generally figure it out. When I can't, the proprietor has invariably figured out what I meant and sold me a meatball "grinder" without comment. I talk to hams all day on the telephone. When I do, I invariably run across regional variations in dialect and useage. I follow a standard rule; if I can figure out what you mean, you are doing it right. In those few cases where the meaning is different, I ask for a bit of explanation. It seems to work in such a way that people can communicate and enjoy each other without getting bogged down in specific meaning. Besides, I figure if folks from 4 land can understand my rapid-fire New England chatter, I can listen a bit more closely, too. :-) 73 from ARRL HQ, Ed -- Ed Hare, KA1CV, ARRL Laboratory, 225 Main, Newington, CT 06111 203-666-1541 ehare@arrl.org ------------------------------ End of Info-Hams Digest V94 #1103 ******************************